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Dr. Nolan Horner

Board-Certified Orthopedic Surgeon

Dr. Nolan Horner

About Dr. Nolan Horner

Dr. Nolan Horner is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon with a focus on sports medicine, shoulder surgery and trauma surgery. He utilizes cutting edge minimally invasive technology for the management of hip, knee, and shoulder pathology as well as shoulder replacement surgery. Additionally, Dr. Horner has an interest in regenerative medicine and the clinical application of orthobiologics such as platelet rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC).

Dr. Horner is originally from Ottawa, Ontario in Canada. He graduated from Queen’s University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry (Honors). He then completed his Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree at the Michael G. Degroote School of Medicine (McMaster University), which is consistently ranked among the top medical schools in the world. He then went on to complete a 5-year residency in orthopedic surgery at McMaster University. During his residency Dr. Horner was selected as the 2020 surgical resident of the year. Finally, he completed subspecialty training in sports medicine and shoulder surgery at Rush University Medical Center, one of the top fellowships in North America. During his fellowship at Rush, he was responsible for the care and team coverage of professional athletes including the Chicago Bulls, Chicago White Sox and Chicago Fire.

Dr. Horner is a highly influential researcher. He has authored well over 100 peer reviewed publications, abstracts, and book chapters. His research is regularly presented at national and international conferences. His research has been cited over 1000 times and has been recognized with numerous awards and grant funding. He regularly acts as an expert content reviewer for many of the top orthopedic peer reviewed journals. He was recently awarded an O-1 visa for individuals with extraordinary ability or achievement by the United States Department of Homeland Security.

More information about Dr. Nolan Horner and the surgeries he performs can be found at his website.

Educational Background

Queen’s University, Bachelor of Science: Chemistry (Honours) with Distinction

Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine – McMaster University, Doctor of Medicine

Graduate Medical Education and Training

McMaster Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery Resident

Rush University Medical Center, Sports Fellow (Orthopaedic Surgery)

Appointments

Clinical Interests

– Sports Medicine surgery
– Shoulder replacement surgery
– Cartilage restoration
– OrthoBiologic injections (Stem Cells, Platelet rich plasma, Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate)

Procedures

Shoulder
Shoulder Arthroscopy
     – Rotator cuff repair
     – AC joint reconstruction
     – Shoulder stabilization
     – Labral repair
     – Biceps tenodesis
     – Frozen Shoulder
     – Shoulder impingement
Anatomic total shoulder replacement
Reverse total shoulder replacement
Pectoralis major tendon repair
 
Elbow
Distal biceps repair
Ulnar nerve decompression
UCL reconstruction
Lateral epicondylitis release/debridement
Medial epicondylitis release/debridement
 
Hip
Hip arthroscopy
     – Labral repair
     – Femoral acetabular impingement (FAI) management
     – Greater trochanteric bursectomy
Proximal hamstring repair
Gluteus medius/minimus tendon repair
 
Knee
Knee Arthroscopy
     – Meniscus surgery
     – ACL reconstruction
     – PCL/LCL/MCL reconstruction
     – Cartilage restoration (MACI/OATS/Osteochondral allograft/Microfracture)
MPFL reconstruction (Patellar stabilization surgery)
Patellar tendon repair
Quadriceps tendon repair
Osteochondritis dissecans fixation
 

General Orthopedics Trauma


Awards & Accolades

  • March 2021 – Canadian Orthopaedic Foundation Basic Science Scholarship
  • December 2020 – Most Outstanding Resident – Department of Surgery 2020
  • November 2018 – 98th percentile Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) Score
  • November 2017 – 99th percentile Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) Score
  • August 2013 – Student Travel Award – 57th International Conference on Analytical Science and Spectroscopy
  • May 2013 – Best Poster Award – 57th International Conference on Analytical Science and Spectroscopy
  • May 2013 – Student Travel Award – Canadian Chemistry Conference and Exhibition
  • May 2013 – Best Undergraduate Thesis Queen’s University *Runner-up*
  • May 2013 – Society of Chemical Industry Award
  • August 2012 – Queen Elizabeth II Scholarship 2012
  • December 2011 – Published study “A simple method using on-line continuous leaching and ion exchange chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the speciation analysis of bio-accessible arsenic in rice” – featured on the cover of Analytica Chimica Acta.
  • August 2011 – Queen Elizabeth II Scholarship 2011
  • August 2011 – Student Travel Award – 55th International Conference on Analytical Science and Spectroscopy
  • August 2010 – Queen Elizabeth II Scholarship 2010
  • August 2010 – Annie Bentley Lillie Prize in Calculus
  • August 2009 – Queen Elizabeth II Scholarship 2009
  • August 2009 – Lena MacNeil Scholarship

Publications

Published Book Chapters

 1. Horner NS, Gohal C, Ayeni OR, Whelan DB. Acute Posterolateral Corner Injuries. In: Bhandari M, Chief ed. Evidence-Based Orthopedics. 2020.

2. Gohal C, Horner NS, Safran MR. Labral Tears. In: Bhandari M, Chief ed. Evidence-Based Orthopedics. 2020.

3. Gohal C, Horner NS, Abouali J, Theodoropoulos J. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. In: Bhandari M, Chief ed. Evidence-Based Orthopedics. 2020.

4. Marin-Pena O, Bajwa A, Papavasiliou AV, Gebhart C, Lund B, Khanduja V, Ayeni OR, L Perez- Carro, Horner NS, Kurz A, Sunil Kumar K, Rai A. Advanced Hip Arthroscopy: What’s New? In: Kon E, Samuelsson K, Denti M, Dejour D. ESSKA Instructional Course Lecture Book. 2020.

5. Horner NS, Ekthari S, Chan AA, Choudur HN, Ayeni OR. Joint specific return to play recommendations: Return to play in non-operative hip/groin pain. In: Musahl V, Karlsson J, Krutsch W, Mandelbaum BR, Espregueira-Mendes J, d’Hooghe P, eds. Return to Play in Football: An Evidence-Based Approach. 2018.

6. Horner NS, Jorgensen U, de SA D, Ayeni OR. Management of Extra-articular Hip Conditions in Patients with Concurrent FAI. In: Ayeni OR, Karlsson J, Philippon MJ, Safran MR, eds. Diagnosis and Management of Femoroacetabular Impingement: An Evidence-Based Approach. 2017;189- 199.

7. Horner NS, Macdonald AE, Catapano M, de SA D, Ayeni OR, Williams R. Evidence-Based Approach to the Nonoperative Management of FAI. In: Ayeni OR, Karlsson J, Philippon MJ, Safran MR, eds. Diagnosis and Management of Femoroacetabular Impingement: An Evidence- Based Approach. 2017;69-78.

8. Kay J, Macdonald A, de SA D, Horner NS, Phillips M, Parmar D, Peterson D, Ayeni OR. Chapter 2: Autograft and Allograft Options in Knee Ligament Reconstruction. In: Mascarenhas R, Bhatia S, Lowe WR, eds. Ligamentous Injuries of the Knee. 2016.

Submitted Journal Articles

 9. NO PAin Investigators (Horner NS – Principal Investigator). Protocol for a randomized controlled trial comparing a non-opioid prescription to the standard of care for pain control following arthroscopic knee and shoulder surgery. Submitted to BMC Musculoskelet Disord.

10. Gazendam A, Alwahbi O, Horner NS, Visgauss J, Perrin D, Popovic S, Ghert M, Wilson D. Intra- articular Periosteal Osteosarcoma of the Hip: A Case Report. Submitted to JBJS Case Connector.

11. Sardar H, Lee S, Horner NS, Lapner P, Alolabi B, Khan M. Indications and outcomes of glenoid osteotomy for posterior shoulder instability: a systematic review. Submitted to JSES.

12. Lui E, Kord D, Yee N, Horner NS, Almana L, Leroux T, Alolabi B, Khan M. Stemless Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review of Short and Mid-term Results. Submitted to Shoulder & Elbow.

13. Perera E, Zhu M, Horner NS, Bedi A, Ayeni OR, Khan M. Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Therapy for Muscular Strength, Hypertrophy and Endurance in Healthy and Clinical Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Submitted to AJSM.

14. Leroux TS, Horner NS, Paterson M, Ravi B. Visualizing the relationship between surgeon volume and risk for early revision after total shoulder arthroplasty. Submitted to J Shoulder Elbow Surg.

15. Ann W, Akhter S, Horner NS, Aljedani A, Khan M, Alolabi B. Outcomes and Complications of Distal Humeral Hemiarthroplasty for Distal Humeral Fractures. Submitted to Shoulder & Elbow.

 

Accepted Journal Articles 

 

16. Gupta A, Tejpal T, Shanmugaraj A, Horner NS, Gohal C, Khan M. Indications, Outcomes, and Complications of All-Epiphyseal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review. Accepted to KSSTA.

Published Journal Articles

17. Tejpal T, Shanmugaraj A, Gupta A, Horner NS, Simunovic N, Kishta W, Ayeni OR. Outcomes and Complications of Patients undergoing Salter’s Innominate Osteotomies for Hip Dysplasia: A Systematic Review of Comparative Studies. J Hip Pres. 2021. In Press.

18. Lee S, Sardar H, Horner NS, Almana L, Miller BS, Khan M, Alolabi B. Subscapularis-sparing approaches in shoulder arthroplasty: A systematic review. J of Orthopaedics. 2020. In Press.

19. Sedrak P, Hache P, Horner NS, Adili A, Khan M. Acute Pseudoseptic Arthritis after Viscosupplementation. JISAKOS. 2020. In Press.

20. Nadeem IM, Shanmugaraj A, Sakha S, Horner NS, Ayeni OR, Khan M. Energy Drinks and Their Adverse Health Effects. Sports Health. 2020. In Press.

21. Horner NS, Grønhaug Larsen KM, Svantesson E, Samuelsson K, Ayeni OR, Gjertsen JE, Östman B. Timing of Hip Hemiarthroplasty and the Influence on Prosthetic Joint Infection. PLOS ONE. 2020. In Press.

22. Wang J, Stride D, Horner NS, Petrisor B, Khan M, Alolabi B. The Role of Deltoid Ligament Repair in Ankle Fracture: A Systematic Review. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2020. In Press.

23. Gazendam A, Ekhtiari S, Horner NS, Nucci N, Dookie J, Ayeni OR. Perioperative Nonopioid Analgesia Reduces Postoperative Opioid Consumption in Knee Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. KSSTA. 2020. In Press.

24. Ekhtiari S, Horner NS, Shanmugaraj A, Duong A, Simmunovic N, Ayeni OR. Narcotic Prescriptions following Knee and Shoulder Arthroscopy: A Surgeon Survey. Cureus. 2020. In press.

25. Shanmugaraj A, Mahendralingam M, Gohal C, Horner NS, Simunovic N, Ayeni OR. Press-Fit Fixation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. KSSTA. 2020. In Press.

26. Shanmugaraj A, Chai D, Sarraj M, Gohal C, Horner NS, Simmunovic N, Athwal GS, Ayeni OR. Pediatric Anterior Shoulder Instability: A Systematic Review of Outcomes and Complication Rates After Surgical Stabilization. KSSTA. 2020. In Press.

27. Haleem A, Shanmugaraj A, Horner NS, Leroux T, Alolabi B, Khan M. Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review. Shoulder & Elbow. 2020. In Press.

28. Olaiya T, Nadeem I, Horner NS, Bedi A, Leroux T, Alolabi B, Khan. M. Templating in Shoulder Arthroplasty – a Comparison of 2D CT to 3D planning software. Shoulder & Elbow. 2019. In Press.

29. Uy M, Wang J, Horner NS, Bedi A, Alolabi B, Khan M. Cemented Humeral Stem Versus Press-Fit Humeral Stem in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review. Bone Joint J. 2019. In press.

30. Coughlin RP, Gohal C, Horner NS, Shanmugaraj A, Simunovic N, Cadet ER, Bedi A, Ayeni OR. Return to Play and In-Game Performance Statistics Among Pitchers After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction of the Elbow: A Systematic Review. AJSM. 2019;47(8):2003-2010.

31. Liu EY, Kord D, Horner NS, Alolabi B, Khan M. Stemless Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JSES. 2019. In Press.

32. Elsawi R, Vancolen S, Horner NS, Alolabi B, Khan M. Surgical Treatment of Trapezius Nerve Palsy. Shoulder & Elbow. 2019. In press.

33. Tejpal T, Gupta A, Shanmugaraj A, Horner NS, Simunovic N, Peterson DC, Musahl V, Ayeni OR. Anteromedial Portal Double Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Yields Similar Outcomes to Non-Anteromedial Portal Femoral Drilling Double Bundle Techniques: A Systematic Review of Comparative Studies. OJSM. 2019.

34. Nadeem I, Vancolen S, Horner NS, Bedi A, Alolabi B, Khan M. Return to Sport Following Coracoid Bone Block Transfer for Shoulder Instability. HSS Journal. 2019. In press.

35. Thayaparan A, Yu J, Horner NS, Leroux T, Alolabi B, Khan M. Return to Sport After Arthroscopic Superior Labral Anterior-Posterior Repair: A Systematic Review. Sports Health. 2019. In press.

36. Vancolen S, Elsawi R, Horner NS, Leroux T, Alolabi B, Khan M. Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in the Younger Patient. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019. In press.

37. Kord D, Liu E, Horner NS, Khan M, Alolabi B. Outcomes of Scapulothoracic Fusion in Facioscapulohumoral Muscular Dystrophy: A Systematic Review. Shoulder & Elbow. 2019. In press.

38. Hildebrand A, Zhang B, Horner NS, Alolabi B, Khan M. Indications and Outcomes of Radial Head Excision: A Systematic Review. Shoulder & Elbow. 2019. In press.

39. Shanmugaraj A, Tejpal T, Ekthari S, Gohal C, Horner NS, Khan M, Bhandari M. Horizontal Cleavage Tears: A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques, Outcomes and Complications. KSSTA. 2019. In press.

40. Khan M, Alolabi B, Horner NS, Bedi A, Ayeni OR, Bhandari M. Surgery for shoulder impingement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. CMAJ Open. 2019;7(1):E149- 158.

41. Ansari AS, Dennis BB, Horner NS, Zu M, Brookes C, Khan M, Grant JA. Influence of Graft Source on Postoperative Activity and Joint Laxity in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 2019;35(1):262-274.

42. Bhullar R, Habib A, Zhang K, de Sa D, Horner NS, Duong A, Simunovic N, Espregueira-Mendes J, Ayeni OR. Tunnel osteolysis post-ACL reconstruction: a systematic review examining select diagnostic modalities, treatment options and rehabilitation protocols. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2019;27(2):524-533.

43. Kuper GN, Shanmugaraj A, Horner NS, Ekthari S, Simunovic N, ER Cadet, Ayeni OR. Critical shoulder angle is an effective radiographic parameter that is associated with rotator cuff tears and osteoarthritis. JISAKOS. 2019;4(2):113-120.

44. Gupta A, Tejpal T, Shanmugaraj A, Horner NS, Simunovic N, Duong A, Ayeni OR. Surgical Techniques, Outcomes, Indications, and Complications of Simultaneous High Tibial Osteotomy and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Revision Surgery: A Systematic Review. HSS J. 2019;15(2):176- 184.

45. Stride D, Wang J, Horner NS, Alolabi B, Khanna V, Khan M. Indications and outcomes of simultaneous high tibial osteotomy and ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2019;27(4):1320-1331.

46. Liu EY, Hildebrand A, Horner NS, Athwal GS, Khan M, Alolabi B. Heterotopic ossification after total elbow arthroplasty: a systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019;28(3):587-595.

47. Vancolen SY, Nadeem I, Horner NS, Johal H, Alolabi B, Khan M. Return to Sport After Ankle Syndesmotic Injury: A Systematic Review. Sports Health. 2018;11(2):116-122.

48. Yu J, Zhang C, Horner NS, Ayeni OR, Leroux T, Alolabi B, Khan M. Outcomes and Return to Sport After Pectoralis Major Tendon Repair: A Systematic Review. Sports Health. 2018;11(2):134-141.

49. Zhang B, Thayaparan A, Horner NS, Bedi A, Alolabi B, Khan M. Outcomes of hyaluronic acid injections for glenohumeral osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2018;28(3):596-606.

50. Yan JR, Oreskovich S, Oduwole K, Horner NS, Khanna V, Adili A. Cement Waste During Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty and its Effect on Cost Savings: An Institutional Analysis. Cureus. 2018;10(11):e3637.

51. Coughlin RP, Lee Y, Horner NS, Simunovic N, Cadet ER, Ayeni OR. Increased pitch velocity and workload are common risk factors for ulnar collateral ligament injury in baseball players: a systematic review. JISAKOS. 2018;4(1):41-47.

52. Horner NS, Moroz PA, Bhullar R, Habib A, Simunovic N, Wong I, Bedi A, Ayeni OR. Open versus arthroscopic Latarjet procedures for the treatment of shoulder instability: a systematic review of comparative studies. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018;19(1):255.

53. Ekhtiari S, Horner NS, Bedi A, Ayeni OR, Khan M. The Learning Curve for the Latarjet Procedure: A Systematic Review. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018;6(7):2325967118786930.

54. Ekhtiari S, Horner NS, Simunovic N, Ayeni OR. The PRECISION Survey: Preferences of Physicians Regarding Ultrasound-Guided Intra-Articular Injections. Clin J Sport Med. 2018. doi:10.1097/JSM.0000000000000612.

55. Gohal C, Shanmugaraj A, Tate P, Horner NS, Bedi A, Adili A, Khan M. The Effectiveness of Valgus Offloading Knee Braces in the Treatment of Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review. Sports Health. 2018;10(6):500-514.

56. Shanmugaraj A, Shell JR, Horner NS, Duong A, Simunovic N, Uchida S, Ayeni OR. How Useful Is the Flexion–Adduction–Internal Rotation Test for Diagnosing Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Systematic Review. Clin J Sport Med. 2018. In press.

57. Kay J, Kirsh JM, Bakshi N, Ekhtiari S, Horner NS, Gichuru M, Alolabi B, Khan M, Bedi A. Humeral Retroversion and Capsule Thickening in the Overhead Throwing Athlete: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy. 2018;34(4):1308-1318.

58. Moroz PA, Quick EE, Horner NS, Duong A, Simunovic N, Ayeni OR. What Is the State of the Evidence in Anterolateral Ligament Research? Clin Sports Med. 2018;37:137-159.

59. Kirsch JM, Bedi A, Horner NS, Wiater JM, Pauzenberger L, Koueiter DM, Miller BS, Bhandari M, Khan M. Tranexamic Acid in Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JBJS Rev. 2017;5(9):e3.

60. Horner NS, Samuelsson K, Soloym J, Bjorgul K, Ayeni OR, Östman B. Implant-Related Complications and Mortality After Use of Short or Long Gamma Nail for Intertrochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures: A Prospective Study with Minimum 13-Year Follow-up. JBJS OA. 2017;2(3):e0026.

61. Quinn R, Horner NS, Pazionis T, Katsios CM. Is Knee Arthroscopy for Degenerative Meniscal Tears an Unnecessary Procedure? Ortho & Rheum Open Access. 2017;7(3):555715.

62. Ekhtiari S, Horner NS, de SA D, Simunovic N, Hirschmann MT, Ogilvie RA, Beradelli RL, Whelan DB, Ayeni OR. Arthrofibrosis after ACL reconstruction is best treated in a step-wise approach with early recognition and intervention: a systematic review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017;25(12):3929-3937.

63. Horner NS, Khanduja V, MacDonald AE, Naendrup J-H, Ayeni OR. Femoral neck fractures as a complication of hip arthroscopy: a systematic review. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2017;4(1):9-17.

64. Horner NS, Ekhtiari S, Simunovic N, Safran MR, Philippon MJ, Ayeni OR. Hip Arthroscopy in Patients Age 40 or Older: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy. 2017;33(2):464-475.

65. Khan M, Oduwole KO, Razdan P, Phillips M, Ekhtiari S, Horner NS, Samuelsson K, Ayeni OR. Sources and quality of literature addressing femoroacetabular impingement: a scoping review 2011–2015. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2016;9(4):396-401.

66. Horner NS, Ekhtiari S, Simunovic N, Bedi A, Glyn-Jones S, Ayeni OR. Early evidence reports positive outcomes after osteochondral grafts and chondrocyte transplantation in the hip: a systematic review. JISAKOS. 2016. DOI: 10.1136/jisakos-2016-000059.

67. Horner NS, de SA D, Heaven S, Simunovic N, Bedi A, Athwal GS, Ayeni OR. Indications and outcomes of shoulder arthroscopy after shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016;25(3):510-518.

68. Yeung M, Jamshidi, Horner NS, Simunovic N, Ayeni OR. Efficacy of Nonsteroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drug Prophylaxis for Heterotopic Ossification in Hip Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy. 2015;32(3):519-525.

69. MacDonald A, Horner NS, de SA D, Simunovic N, Ayeni OR. Indications & Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy for Microfracture of Delaminated Acetabular Cartilage Flaps: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy. 2015;32(1):190-200.

70. de SA D, Horner NS, MacDonald A, Simunovic N, Slobogean G, Philippon MJ, Belzile EL, Karlsson J, Ayeni OR. Evaluating Healthcare Resource Utilization and Outcomes for Surgical Hip Dislocation and Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2015;24(12):3943-3954.

71. Sim Y, Horner NS, de SA D, Simunovic N, Karlsson J, Ayeni OR. Reporting of Non-Hip Score Outcomes Following Femoroacetabular Impingement Surgery: A Systematic Review. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2015;2(3):224-241.

72. de SA D, Horner NS, MacDonald A, Simunovic N, Ghert MA, Philippon MJ, Ayeni OR. Arthroscopic Surgery for Synovial Chondromatosis of the Hip: A Systematic Review of Rates and Predisposing Factors for Recurrence. Arthroscopy. 2014;30(11):1499-1504.

73. Horner NS, Beauchemin D. The use of sol-gels as solid calibration standards for the analysis of soil samples by laser ablation coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Anal At Spectrom. 2014;29:515-520.

74. Horner NS, Beauchemin D. The effect of cooking and washing rice on the bio-accessibility of As, Cu, Fe, V and Zn using an on-line continuous leaching method. Anal Chim Acta. 2012;758:28

75. Horner NS, Beauchemin D. A simple method using on-line continuous leaching and ion exchange

chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the speciation analysis of bio-accessible arsenic in rice. Anal Chim Acta. 2011;717:1-6.

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